ZK-STARK
A ZK-STARK is a proof system designed for scalable verification and transparent setup, commonly using hash-based cryptography.
✦ Key Insight
Rollups choose proof systems based on proof size, prover cost, verification cost, assumptions, and tooling.
✕ Common Misconceptions
Transparent refers to setup properties, not whether all transaction information is public or private.
Detailed Explanation
In Practice
Dig Deeper
On-Chain Data
On-chain data is information recorded directly on a blockchain, such as transactions, balances, contract events, and block information.
Layer 2
A Layer 2 is a system built on top of a base blockchain to increase capacity or reduce costs while relying on the underlying chain for some security or settlement.
ZK Rollup
A zero-knowledge rollup is a Layer 2 system that batches transactions and uses validity proofs to demonstrate correct state transitions to the base chain.
Hash
A hash is a fixed-length output produced by a cryptographic hash function from arbitrary input data.
Finality
Finality is the point at which a blockchain transaction is considered effectively or cryptographically irreversible under that network's consensus rules.