Validity Proof
A validity proof is cryptographic evidence that a batch of off-chain state transitions followed the system's rules.
✦ Key Insight
It affects rollup finality, security assumptions, and the difference between ZK and optimistic designs.
✕ Common Misconceptions
A valid proof does not remove data-availability, bridge, upgrade-key, or application risks.
Detailed Explanation
In Practice
Dig Deeper
Smart Contract
A smart contract is blockchain-deployed code that can hold state and execute predefined rules when called.
On-Chain Data
On-chain data is information recorded directly on a blockchain, such as transactions, balances, contract events, and block information.
Layer 2
A Layer 2 is a system built on top of a base blockchain to increase capacity or reduce costs while relying on the underlying chain for some security or settlement.
ZK Rollup
A zero-knowledge rollup is a Layer 2 system that batches transactions and uses validity proofs to demonstrate correct state transitions to the base chain.
Finality
Finality is the point at which a blockchain transaction is considered effectively or cryptographically irreversible under that network's consensus rules.